Chronological History 1536-1823

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The Discovery of Chile

Background and Main Events

- Conflict between Almagro and Pizarro due to governmental limits as set out by Carlos V (1534).
- Difficult crossing over The Andes.

- Negative reports about Chile.
- Pizarro convinces Almagro to discover Chile and search for precious metals (1535).
- Arrival in Copiapó en April 1536.
- Death of Almagro. Pedro de Valdivia takes over (1538).

- Exploration as far as the River Itata.
- First confrontation between the natives and the Spaniards in Reinohuelen (August 1536).
- Juan de Saavedra discovers the bay of Valparaíso.
- Return to Peru via the desert (January 1537).

Milestones in the Conquest of Chile
January 1540
- Expedition leaves for Cusco, headed up by Pedro de Valdivia.
- Uprising of Pedro Sancho de Hoz in the Atacama Desert.
12th of February 1541
- Santiago del Nuevo Extremo is founded in the Mapocho Valley.
7 of March 1541
- Creation of Santiago City Council.
11th of September 1541
- Rebellion by Chief Michimalonco. Santiago is set on fire.
1543 - 1553
- Cities are founded: La Serena (1543), Concepción (1550), La Imperial (1552), Valdivia (1552), Villarrica (1552), Angol (1552), Santiago del Estero (1553).
25 of December 1553
- Death of Valdivia in Tucapel.
- Chiefs from the south, Santiago and La Serena name Francisco Villagra, Rodrigo Quiroga and Francisco de Aguirre as Governors of Chile.

1557
Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, The Viceroy of Peru, designates his son García Hurtado de Mendoza as Governor of Chile.

Governmental Meetings and their Accomplishments (1810 – 1814)
September 1810 – July 1811

President: Mateo de Toro y Zambrano.
Vicepresident: José Antonio Martínez de Aldunate.
Members: Juan Martínez de Rozas, Fernando Márquez de la Plata, Ignacio de la Carrera, Juan Enrique-

Rosales and Colonel Francisco Javier Reina.
Secretaries: José Gregorio Argomedo and Gaspar Marí

- New Military Corps created and those already in existence were reorganised.
- Relations established with the Junta de Buenos Aires.
- A special ruling exempted all items, which would help society progress, from taxes for 18 months - books, maps, weapons, printing presses, physics instruments, tools and machinery.
- A National Congress was set up; its function was to take over from the current administration in the short term.
- A Royalist Coup, known as the Figueroa Mutiny, caused the break up of the Royal Audencia which had traditionally been the main royalist stronghold.

Bernardo O’Higgins' Government (1817 - 1823)
- Creation of the Military School.
- Abolition of titles of nobility and prohibition of the use of coats of arms. The Legion of Merit was introduced.
- The Gaceta del Gobierno de Chile was published.
1818
- The first national squadron was created.
1819
- The Instituto Nacional was reopened; it adopted the Lancaster System of Education.
1820
- The National Library was reopened.
- Wholesale food markets were set up.
- "El paseo público de la Cañada" (Alameda) was set up.
1821
- The Cementerio General was built.

- The channelling of the River Maipo was finished.
- Vicuña, La Unión and San Bernardo were founded.
1823
- Bernardo O'Higgins abdicated (28th of January).

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